Learn NYC property data terms.
Plain-language definitions for BBLs, permits, violations, HPD records, DOB filings, liens, and freshness notes.
Property Terms
Property identification and basic concepts
BBL (Borough Block Lot)
NYC tax-lot identifier used across city records
A BBL is a borough-block-lot number used by New York City to identify tax lots. It is often the most reliable way to match the same property across city systems, even when address labels differ.
Examples:
- •1012340001: Manhattan, Block 1234, Lot 0001
- •2056780090: Bronx, Block 5678, Lot 0090
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Monitoring
Property monitoring and scheduled updates
Attention Item
Record that may need review
An attention item is a public record or freshness-status change that may need manual verification. PropSignal does not score a property or tell users what decision to make. Users should review the official source before relying on the information.
Examples:
- •A new record appears for a watched property
- •A supported source has not checked successfully within its expected window
- •A possible source mismatch needs verification
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Record Events
Public records for watched properties
Source events are public records captured from supported official sources. These can include building violations, filings, permit activity patterns, OATH hearings, and other official records. PropSignal shows records and freshness notes so users can decide what needs verification.
Examples:
- •Building violations: Code infractions, safety issues
- •Foreclosure filings: Source-backed court records where available
- •Permit patterns: Unusual construction or demolition activity
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Property Monitoring
Scheduled checks for watched property records
Property monitoring is the scheduled process of checking supported sources for records associated with specific properties. PropSignal organizes DOB permits, violations, OATH hearings, foreclosure filings, and other public records so users can review changes with freshness notes.
Examples:
- •Scheduled checks of watched BBLs for new records
- •Updates when supported sources show permit filings
- •Weekly summaries of watched property activity
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Watchlist
Custom list of properties to monitor
A watchlist is a user-defined collection of properties identified by BBL for scheduled record checks. Users can organize watched properties, set update preferences, and review updates when supported records change. Watchlists help track portfolios, neighborhoods, or properties of interest.
Examples:
- •Portfolio watchlist: All properties you own or manage
- •Neighborhood watchlist: Properties in a specific area
- •Diligence watchlist: Properties that need record review
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Legal & Regulatory
Government agencies and legal processes
DOB (Department of Buildings)
NYC agency overseeing construction and building safety
The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) regulates construction, building safety, and property alterations. DOB issues permits, conducts inspections, enforces building codes, and maintains records of violations. DOB activities can provide context for development activity, building conditions, or maintenance questions.
Examples:
- •Building permits: New construction, alterations, demolitions
- •Violations: Code infractions, unsafe conditions, illegal work
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OATH Hearings
Administrative court for NYC violations
The Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings (OATH) is the city's administrative court that handles violations issued by various NYC agencies, including DOB. Property owners can contest violations at OATH hearings. OATH decisions and outcomes provide record detail for violation status and should be verified with official records.
Examples:
- •Violations heard: Building code infractions, safety violations
- •Outcomes: Dismissed, upheld, reduced penalties
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Building Violation
Official notice of building code non-compliance
A building violation is an official notice from the Department of Buildings that a property is not complying with building codes or safety regulations. Violations can range from minor infractions to serious safety hazards. Unresolved violations may lead to fines, penalties, or legal action. Violation history is record detail and should be reviewed with official records.
Examples:
- •HVAC violation: Improper heating system installation
- •Safety violation: Missing fire safety equipment
- •Zoning violation: Unauthorized use of property
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Foreclosure
Legal process for mortgage default
Foreclosure is the legal process where a lender attempts to recover the amount owed on a defaulted loan by taking ownership of and selling the mortgaged property. Foreclosure filings are sensitive public records and should be verified with the official source or a qualified professional before relying on them.
Examples:
- •Lis Pendens: Initial notice of pending foreclosure action
- •Judgment of Foreclosure: Court order allowing property sale
- •Auction sale: Property sold to satisfy debt
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Technical
Technical and data concepts
Building Permit
Official approval for construction work
A building permit is official approval from the Department of Buildings for construction, alteration, or demolition work. Permits indicate planned or ongoing property changes. Different permit types (new building, alteration, demolition, plumbing, electrical) provide insights into property activity, improvements, or potential issues.
Examples:
- •New Building: Construction of a new structure
- •Alteration Type 1: Major changes to building use or occupancy
- •Plumbing: Work on plumbing systems
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Data Provenance
Origin and history of data sources
Data provenance refers to the origin, custody, and history of data sources. In property monitoring, provenance indicates which government agencies provided the data, when it was last updated, and how recent the information is. Understanding provenance helps assess source reliability and freshness before relying on a record.
Examples:
- •DOB data: Updated daily, source: NYC Department of Buildings
- •Court records: Updated weekly, source: NYC Courts
- •Tax records: Updated monthly, source: NYC Department of Finance
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Updates & Notifications
Scheduled updates and notification settings
Scheduled Updates
Notifications about watched property record changes
Scheduled updates are notifications or summaries sent when supported sources show records for watched properties. Updates can be delivered by email, in-app notifications, or other approved channels. Users can customize rule types, frequency, and record categories they want to review.
Examples:
- •Source update: New violation record found for a watched property
- •Daily digest: Summary of watched property source activity
- •Weekly summary: Review of watched property changes
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Start with BBL lookup
Put these concepts into practice with scheduled record checks. Review updates for violations, permits, and other property records.